# Myopia (Short-Sightedness)

URL: https://mohamedmohyudin.co.uk/conditions/myopia/
Last reviewed: 2026-08-13

## Quick answer

Myopia, or short-sightedness, is the most common refractive error, occurring when the eyeball is slightly too long from front to back so light focuses in front of the retina rather than on it. Distant objects appear blurred while near objects are seen clearly. High myopia carries an increased risk of retinal complications.

## Overview

Myopia, or short-sightedness, is the most common refractive error worldwide and its prevalence is increasing rapidly, particularly in young people. It occurs when the eyeball is slightly too long from front to back, causing light to focus in front of the retina rather than on it. Distant objects appear blurred while near objects are seen clearly. High myopia (greater than -6 dioptres) is associated with an increased risk of retinal complications including retinal detachment, macular degeneration and glaucoma.

## Treatment

Spectacles and contact lenses are the standard correction. Orthokeratology (overnight contact lenses) and low-dose atropine drops are established myopia control strategies in children. In adults, laser vision correction (LASIK, LASEK) or implantable collamer lenses (ICL) can reduce or eliminate glasses dependence. People with high myopia should have annual dilated fundus examinations.

## FAQs

### What are the symptoms of myopia?

The main symptom is difficulty seeing distant objects clearly, such as road signs, blackboards and TV screens, while reading and close work remain clear. People often squint to see at distance and may experience headaches from the effort of focusing, along with eye strain, particularly after driving.

### What causes short-sightedness?

Myopia most commonly results from the eyeball being excessively long (axial length), and sometimes from a steeper-than-normal corneal curvature. There is a strong genetic component, with risk significantly increased if one or both parents are myopic. Environmental factors such as prolonged near work and limited outdoor time in childhood also contribute.

### How is myopia treated?

Spectacles and contact lenses are the standard correction. In children, orthokeratology (overnight lenses) and low-dose atropine drops are established myopia control strategies. In adults, laser vision correction (LASIK, LASEK) or implantable collamer lenses (ICL) can reduce or eliminate glasses dependence. People with high myopia need annual dilated fundus examinations.